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There are two different major groups of new facilities coming out in the next years in Europe dedicated to physics with fragmentation beams and physics with the ISOL techniques. They are really complementary. If you are very extreme towards the drip-lines and with very short half-lives, you have to go for fragmentation facilities. Fragmentation facilities will be able to go very far and will be competitive. On the other hand, if you go slightly closer to the valley of stability, there is nothing that can beat an ISOL facility. If you have a fission target, you will get yields that are much higher than what you can get in a fragmentation facility. You get also much better beam quality and you can do the low energy physics with low energy beam, much less than 100 MeV/u. This is done for the moment with the CIME cyclotron, for example, at GANIL, up to 20-30 MeV/u and it will be done in the secondary ISOL facilities, like SPIRAL2 or like HIE-ISOLDE. The aim is to cover the tens of MeV with a much better beam quality. For the experiment you will do, you have to balance the yield with the different beam quality. They are really different issues and we need both types of facilities to cover all of the possibilities. For example, if we want at some point, to do the very heavy isotopes, even approaching the super-heavy isotopes, then we really need an ISOL facility. We may have to wait until EURISOL, which will be the ultimate ISOL facility. Definitely at EURISOL, we will have the conditions that will make possible to really progress in the major sense.
What we are doing is a gradual update of the facility. ISOLDE has already a history of several decades and we had the big advantage compared to most of the other existing facilities: the accumulation of target know-how. About the intensity, we always compete with other places like TRIUMF in Canada. But we have the highest primary beam energy that is available. Because of our targets, we have the widest range of isotopes that is available at any ISOL facility at the moment. There is a very healthy competition now that did not exist few decades ago. There are places like Oak Ridge in the USA, where they are coming up and doing a lot of important work. We luckily have places in Europe that are developing complementary facilities like IGISOL. But for the standard classical ISOL things, we have a lot to offer in terms of target and ISOL knowledge. We want to develop that further. We can see possibilities of increasing the primary beam intensity that we have. I wish to do a higher primary intensity and to upgrade the accelerator beam capabilities, because at the moment we are somehow limited at 3 MeV/u. Going to 5-10 MeV/u will really add a whole range of experimental possibilities that, at the moment, one can only do at GANIL with SPIRAL. We would like to do transfer and Coulomb excitation experiments at higher energies. In particular, try to go all the way to the highest mass that we can do at ISOLDE. We have a possibility of getting isotopes all the way up to the Pb region. We have good yields and we really would like to be able to do physics with them as well. This is something that it is only done at the moment at stable beams facilities like Jyväskylä and Argonne. It would be very interesting to see how radioactive beams can contribute.
More info:
Karsten Riisager's talk
Karsten Riisager's e-mail
Worldwide physics session
Words collected by K. Turzó at the XVe Colloque GANIL, Giens, France, from May 29th to June 2nd, 2006.
What we are doing is a gradual update of the facility. ISOLDE has already a history of several decades and we had the big advantage compared to most of the other existing facilities: the accumulation of target know-how. About the intensity, we always compete with other places like TRIUMF in Canada. But we have the highest primary beam energy that is available. Because of our targets, we have the widest range of isotopes that is available at any ISOL facility at the moment. There is a very healthy competition now that did not exist few decades ago. There are places like Oak Ridge in the USA, where they are coming up and doing a lot of important work. We luckily have places in Europe that are developing complementary facilities like IGISOL. But for the standard classical ISOL things, we have a lot to offer in terms of target and ISOL knowledge. We want to develop that further. We can see possibilities of increasing the primary beam intensity that we have. I wish to do a higher primary intensity and to upgrade the accelerator beam capabilities, because at the moment we are somehow limited at 3 MeV/u. Going to 5-10 MeV/u will really add a whole range of experimental possibilities that, at the moment, one can only do at GANIL with SPIRAL. We would like to do transfer and Coulomb excitation experiments at higher energies. In particular, try to go all the way to the highest mass that we can do at ISOLDE. We have a possibility of getting isotopes all the way up to the Pb region. We have good yields and we really would like to be able to do physics with them as well. This is something that it is only done at the moment at stable beams facilities like Jyväskylä and Argonne. It would be very interesting to see how radioactive beams can contribute.
More info:
Karsten Riisager's talk
Karsten Riisager's e-mail
Worldwide physics session
Words collected by K. Turzó at the XVe Colloque GANIL, Giens, France, from May 29th to June 2nd, 2006.
